Tipaimukh Bazaarah
Dr. David Buhril
June/July 2014: Hmar Inpui General Secretary ka ni ṭum (2013-16) khan Hmarbiel (Pherzawl District) khaw tin fangin ke in kan sirsuok a. Chuonglai chun Pherzawl hih district khawm a la ni nawh; Churachandpur biel huom sungah la um a nih. Phuoibuong Young Mizo Association (YMA) hai khawmin seminar neipui dingin an mi hung hril leiin Senvon a inthawk Parvachawm hrȗtin Daido, Khawlien le Phuoibuong kan tlung bawk. Kan inzin ṭan a inthawk a tawp chenin ruolṭha pahnih, Samuel (Parvachawm) le Lalchunghnung (Senvon) haiin an mi ṭawiâwm a. Ka ruolhai hih Hmarbiela inthawk an hung thlaa; kei Tuiṭhaphaia inthawk. Zoram Khawvela Hmarhai ta dinga an lailina hmun tak ni ngei ding Hmarkhawlienah (Cachar, Assam) kan intuok khâwm a.
Fȗr hrangsiet lai tak ke a inzin ding kan ni leiin Fulertal bazarah raincoat, jungle-boot le Lalchunghnungin HPC bag ang - “Green bag sen ka mamaw ding a nih”, a ti tlat leiin bazar chuh kan hrut tah a. “Green bag sen” zawng hmu chu thil harsa tak a nih! “Green bag sen” in nei am tiin Vai dawr kan kik hrȗt zet chu; vawn dawm meuin kan innui kawdâk a ni tak. Kan inzin kawng, a bung le a châng an hawi ṭan nghâl. Kan zin rawn ta bawka; inzinpui dingin mi kawi le khir chu lam ṭhalo nekin an buoithlak nuom hlak ti hih ka chieng. Motor infȗk lo nȇk khawmin an inkhaw nuom lem bawk.
Ei ram ngirhmun le hnam so hre ding le ei del ram sungah ei chanvo (rights) inhrilhriet dinga inzin kan nih. Khanbawr (Manipur) a inthawk Khawlien tlangdung Phuoibuong (Sinlung Hills, Mizoram) chen ke ngawtin kan lâwn tlung chauh niloin ke bawkin kan lawn kir nâwk bawk. Senvona inthawk Tuiṭhaphai kan kir tawm hun kan hmang ral po kan sut chu thla khat le ni nga sung zet kan lo inzin thang a nih.
Marco Polo ruolpa ni nuom meuin kea inzin hi ka lo duthusamna a sawt ta a. Vangduoi le remchang an tuok hlauha; vangduoithlak takin kan sir tum ram a hai hin motor inlawn theina lam ding a um naw leiin ke a lawn inzin naw chu thaw dan ding dang a um hran nawh. Ramri kilkhawrah khuo le ram del hring hai kan za tawp thei nawh. Ramri kilkhawrhai hi ram le hnam bulṭhut an lo nih. Jiribama inthawk Khanbawr chen motora kan chuong bak kha chu kan chuong nawk inkhat ta hle. Motor tlân theina ding awm lampui khawm la um lo a nih; a lekha a chu an hril rulngân zang ang a nih an tih. Hieng ang hi ei hmu rawn phat Pathien a um nawh ei ti rawp hlak. Pathien a um naw niloin, ei sinthawa hai Pathien a ṭhang nawh ti na ni’n ka ngai. Job card a beiseina insangtak nei ve ṭawk ṭawk hai ta ding chun maktaduoi tel project in an khawtuol a nawr thleng ta si chun chatuon hringna a ni em naw khawma damna ding kawt chite bȇk chu hawng pȇk hram sien ni ding!
Chirhak le tui intling dumin lam an hluo lien tak. Khanbawr a inthawk Kharkhuplien chu kan lawn hmasatak a. Fur siet lai pumpel (shortcut) zawnga lawn chu a hadam naw hle. Hmai-sik tung tawp lo nawr a tam. Thlarau ṭhalo kawl ni awm takin thet le thutin tawlpariet kawngah inper zawk zawk atam. Ṭhul buk le invawt bil phet-ner zing a ni bawk. Chawl peia invawt zen dam kha mang a ang ta rak! Tawlpariet inthang laklaw deu khawm kha kan lawn kai ngei. Mi dangin tlang sang an kai zoa a lawm na’n flag an phun ang hlimna le lawmna ruok kha chu ka nei ve dȇr nawh. An hril ui hmȗr vuok; na ti lungsen toin ka to nguoi nguok lem. Hmang tlâk lo tawlpariet siemna ding hin sum a lakh tel iengzam an seng hlawl ding? Projectin sum a sawm leia lam an lo nawr ve mei mei a ni tak. Hmang tlâk ding hrim a um nawh. Lam-ah alkatara hlek kawp chu vân a ra a nih.
Chuong ang karah chier inzawt ding zawng der loin Pu L.Keivom khan, “Kan tlangram mawi, hring dum duoi hi, leng tin sawl tin thing an vul chiei. Thlirin a mawi, salung a awi, Zo thlifimin damte’n min thawi…” a lo ti dam khan ngaituona a sukdam a. Khawvel dang deia ami’n leng tir lem bawk. Ana chu, thuomhnaw inbawr luoiin ei paia, ruo hnuoiah ei pen det det chu kan hmasawn ram thlier nȇkin ei ram le hnamin a telpuia ei hnungkir lemna ram tieng pang a mi’n fang lui tir naw thei nawh. Universityah philosophy inril deu deu, “Development, State, Governance, Rights, Justice, Fairness, Democracy, Equality…” ei inchȗkhai kha khawvȇl a ei damsung chu mihriemin ei lo va ṭȗl lawm lawm de aw! Mi nȇk hmanin eini rawiin ei mamaw zuol lem ni’n ka hmu. A far tla naw reng reng! Damsunga mise le invawt habe inbel a, kum khat sung fâk khawp ding bu thlo suok tum ringawta pielral kaina ram rilah ka pȇn lut a lo ni zing. Chu khawvȇl pumpel dân ding zawngin nunghâk le tlangvâl tam lem chu hmun hrang hrangah mi inah sinthaw ding ringawta suok dam an tam pha. Abȋkin Mizoram tieng; ṭawng le chipui bil ani leia an thla a ngam deu niin an lang. Inchȗkna bahla em ema seilienhai ta ding chun ṭawng in ramri a lo kei ringawt khom nȇr ruol a ni naw hrim. Vai ṭawng amani, Sap ṭawng amani bil a tho thar dinga pensuok kha chu ngaituo um ve tak ding a lo nih. Khawsung hai a re a; remchangna hrim hrimin a bawkan a ni tak.
Chuong karah Hmar lamlawn dan ding amani le chanvo inhril thau chu hnukin a zo nawh. An ui le vawk hman vai mar harsa an ti karah! Pathien a ṭha. Mak danglam deuin ami siem a; mak danglam deuin ei lo intawl ve pei lem chauh a lo nih. Ei thisen inzawmpui haiin an ṭul le mamaw an suktam naw thiem em leiin saw lai Hmar ram ei ti saw an del hring ve ngawng ngawng chauh niin ka hmu. Chuongsa khawm chun inpȇm hi ngaituo um khawpin a nasa a nih. A lo thei lo a ni nasan a tam. A chethei deuhai chu inpȇm ngei ngei an tum a. Inpȇm thei ding khawpa insuk burip tum an tam bawk. A chethei naw deuhai khawm beiseina khamhrui sukseiin an nauhai bek khawvel lien lem an indak hmu tah. Dang ruol an nawh. Dang thei ding khawm a ni bawk nawh. Hnam thlarau dawm kang ding hin chu hnuk hrui (economy) an kang hmasa phawt a ngai; an fuol thlep el ding a ni nawh.
Thil dang ka hmu pakhat nawk chu ei rama mipuihai lungril hi a det indo thei naw hi a nih. A san ruok chu an ni puo tieng thil vawng a ni lem. Tipaimukh Dam project le National Rural Employment Generation Scheme (NREGS) hai a hung inri’t lien lei am a ni ding, unau Thadohai, ei rama khuo a khawm um ta lo hai khan an lalram nina khuong ri hung sukri tharin ei mihai thla a sukphang thar hle. An sipaite tha leh Jiribam sak Phaituola inko khawm a um ta rawp. Pi le pu huna inthawk lo um hlun ta si, aṭhen kum za le ti dam; mani del ram le mani huon ram puitling der tah takngielhai khawmin kata ti a ngirpui theina ding lekha hlek khawm nei dȇr lo an ninaa ei ramah an zung a det nawh. “Inti neina kan nei naw der niloin kan nei thei nawh”, an ti ve tlat. Lal thuneina’n khuo a suk inphanna khawm a um tawl bawk.
India in zalenna a hmu khan India sawrkarin ram sukhmasawnna dingin a ram pheka a thaw hmasa pawl tak chu ram nei dan siem ṭhat (Land Reform) a nih. Ram nei lo hai ram pȇk an ninaw chun India chu British haia inthawk zalȇnna hmu ringawt sien la khawm a ram sungah zalȇnna um chuong nawni ti thumu kha a fepui a nih. Ei ram suknghetna ding le inthuom burip dingin eini rawi khawm ei ram nei dan siemṭhat (Land Reform) a ṭul dingin an lang. Ei ram del hringna dinga keikhawmtu thapui (pull factor) pawimaw deu ni pei atih. An naw chun nakie rausanin um hlauh a tih.
Kharkhupliena inthawk Vangai tlanga khuo dang zuk paw remchang el nading lam a um naw leiin Khanbawr tieng bawk kan kȋr suk nawk a. Kum 2005-2006 lai bawr vȇl khan Meitei haiin Kharkhuplien le hi lai tlang dunghai hi “liberated zone” a puongin an lo delde hrep a nih. Khawsunga pasal tam lem chu Meitei hel hai pawt rik phurin, an thu le hla um dȇr loin, tlang le ruom an lo palzut nasa hlak a nih. Meitei hai chun Hmarphai le Tuidung ramṭha ȇm ȇm hi Jiribama hluo lut a an rama inchangtir tumna lungril chu hieng hun hma dei a inthawk an lo lungril dȇr an tah.
Hmarphai (Tuiruong dung) boruok hnawng le lum chun pang thak (prickly heat) a mi kaia. Ankhasuo a inthawk a tungin lawnglengin kan inzâp thawveng a. Launch inri dut dutin Tipaimukh a inthawk Hmarkhawlien panin an intawl thla zut zuta. Bu her khawl lawng ri ṭi a satel te le uṭawk ruol chu tuia an bin lut ṭak ṭak a. Dam nuom seng le mani tawk tawka damna le himna zawng seng chu ei lo nih. Kaikuongral mawi em em hai chun an zânbu ding lâwr ni awm fahranin vakam tin hrutin an lenga. Khawbawn ram inthim mup inkhang duoi karah ram ṭha em em ei del hring zo naw hin ngaituo a suksei hle a. Mingo haiin America an del eng ṭan ding khan mihausa haiin cowboy ruol ruoiin silai le sakawr leh dai an kei a, ran an vai a. An nei po po deng bumin ram bulṭhut an rem an ti chu capitalism (Economic Doctrine – Sawrkar ṭhangloa mimal/sungkuo/ruolcham haiin sumdawngna hnar le ram le hnam hnuk hrui zalen deua her vir ding.Sumdawngtu haiin anni karah inelna (competition) phursuokin hlâwkna (profit) intȇl ding. Sumdawngna thilah sawrkar an rawl tlawmpo le aṭhatak) a rasuok nawk thunga. Chuong lai chun, California, Texas, New York ti a ei hriet larhai dam hi puonte a keimar mei mei khawte chauh an la nih. Capitalism in mi neinung le taimahai chu a pȇk belsa peia. Capitalism chu America hnukhrui (economy) bulṭhut a hung ni ta nghe nghe a.
Kan inzin sung, sa, bawngnene, thlai, le fak le dawn inhnik zuk inchawk el ding khawm um dȇr lona ramah tlawmngaina ke an ti le chun ram le hnam ta ding tiin kan pȇnsuok ve bawk a. Ankhasuo a nilaini ‘bazaar’ chu hmang remchangin khaw hnai deu hai pungkhawm hun remchang dinga ngaiin zingkâr kan inkhawma. Bazaar thlȋr ding chun kan la chambanga. An mi hril ang ngeiin Christmas tâwm bazaar a ang ngei. Cachar phaia Vai ruol an nei burip thei po po hung tawl kaiin ei khawtuolah sum an hung dawnga. Zingkar inhma tawk a inthawk an dawr hmun hai chu an lo remfel vawng taa. Ei sum neisun sun hai âwkna ding lenpui an keimar meu chu hmu nuom atling rak. Aṭhenin Lalruotmawi Kristmas hla dâm an sut a. Aṭhenin Pi Nienglawmkimin ei pasalṭha hai chawimawina le ngaina hla dâm an sut a. Aṭhenin Lalbieklien khawsawt hla dâm an sut ve thung. An ri ve nuoi nuoi. Tieulien nunghâkte ruol hnersen vawra incheiin bazaar hung kai khawm an um ngei. Kangreng le Ankhasuo tlanglakte hawn thlazing uichal niawmtakin alate hnung zuiin ruol hai thlaphena biethu inhlân ngam mang si loa invir kuol ve rak rak an um nuol bawk. Hmangaina’n thlavar alo ṭȗl kher bik nawh! Sum le inchawk ding nei kha thupui tak ni metlo a pungkhawm kha an tam ve hrim hrim. BBC London Airport a nel!
Bazaara chun akim thawkkhat ve e. Tuidung nipui chartang karah khawm zakuo lum inchawk ding a um tho. An zawr kim thawkhat hle. A ram thuhmai thup ṭawng takah, ‘boruok’ le ‘thlarau’ khawm an zawr. Bangladesh ngathu a inthawk China hai electronic thuomhnaw a um ve vawng. ABIBAS a inthawk MIKE le NIKO chenin a um. Bazaar khan ni khat sung na-na-na chu khaw hnaihai a keikhawm vawng hlak a lo nih. Scottish moral philosopher Adam Smith-in “The Invisible Hand” (Hmu theilo kut) a ti tha kha an her mup mupin ka hmu chu tie. Bible le puonthu karah ei kawl ve sun sun hai sukchang remchang dingin lawngin an hung intawl kaia; ei phawr dawk ngei. Dit le mamaw hlak chun tawp-intai a nei si nawh. Eini mi ngaituo leia hung kai chu ni der lo an nih. An hmakhuo an ngaituo luot leia hung an ni lem. Vaihai khawm chu an ramah dawr lien kai zo khawm ni chuong lo; ei khuo panga-paruk vel an zuk keikhawm thei el kha a ropui ka tih. A Vaihai ropui niloin, hmu thei lo kut Assam, Manipur le Mizoram ramri chepdena kilkhawrah an lep ve zuk zuk kha anilem. Khawvel a hin ei lo inthuok ve a nih ti naw ruol an nawh.
Chutaka ka ngaituo chu, India’n socialism (Economic Doctrine - sawrkarin sumdawngna hnar, kut le ke le thapui po po a thuhnuoia a sie ding. Mimal/sungkuo/company/ruolcham hai sumdawngna kawt hawng lien pek lo ding. Ram hnukhrui le sumdawngna thil hrim hrim sawrkar thuneina hnuoia um vawng ding) a lo zui leiin State (sawrkar/rambung) ei ti hi ral kanga ei pupu lien hausa hmu phak lo neiin ei nei niin ka hmuh. Iemani taka ei innghat a; innghat lo thei lo dingin ralah alo inchei bawk. Ieng khawm hlak hung thak tlung chuong lo. Lam ei nei nawh. Leilak a ngir nawh. Electric hrui an zam nawh. Network a um nawh. Mipui chanvo ding thil (Public Distribution System) a um nawh. School a um nawh. Health Centre a um nawh. Public transport system lem chu ateuin ahnai nawh. Pathien khawm a um nawh an ti a; chu em em chu ei hnam lei le baua kawp naw hram raw seh. A um ding hrim hrim kha a um nawa. Chu laia um dinga umlo pawi ka ti tak chu Hmar mipui (population) le Hmar sumdawng mi (Capitalist) an nih. Hmar mihausa sawmkhat sawmhni haiin iemani tak thaw dingin kut insuikhawm hai sien la; ei ram thau far thlek thluk el ta kuhi hung lawrkhawm hai sien la; an hlawkna ding char ngaituo hai sien. Chu taka inthawk dai le ramri ei sukdet thei ding chauh niin ka hmu. Chuong hai hmalakin Capitalism thapui hung fen lutin, ei rawl ki neka insang lemin ram le hnam hnukhrui her sang hai sienla. Hlawkna an intel rawn po leh ram le hnamin inkang pui veng ei tih. Chu bulṭhut a inthawk chun Hmarpa riengkawla phur rik phurna hnam chu pei thla thei chauh ei tih. Mihriem le ran riengah hnam an tuol sung chu kum khat fak nei dan ding char ngaituoin chier inpawt le tha na’n pielral kai ṭawk ei tih.
Vai ruol puri le jalebi zeu chu thlir zing pumin, Hmar mi; an ni ta ding chauh, an hlawkna ding chauh ngaituo thei, mi duam, mi taima, mi tumru hai lawng sip pakhat tling lo chauh khawm hung pen lut hai sien ti chu ka duthusam puia. Chuong hai chu naupang laia marbul inhnel hunah ‘Kuchu’ ei ti ang kukha an ni ding a nih. An duamna, hlawk intel tumna le hmasielna’n mi tam an mamaw lem awm si a. Duamna ṭha le hmasielna ṭha a nih ei hril hih. Kuchu hai hmathlir a lien po leh kut le ke an mamaw rawn lem pei ding a ni lem. An sumpui, thiemna, varna, tumruna, taimakna, le duamna hai an phum phawt chun hmu theia ngirsuok ding khawpui chu chengranga kap dawk ngai naw nih. New Delhia exam pass ringawt Vai-pachal ruol leh AC pindanah ei ram tungding dan ding inbiek fal ngai ta naw nih. Ei kuchu hai bulṭhuta chun taimakna thlantui nei taphawtin a ra siek ve seng ei ta. Chu thapui chu hnamin a pawimawh. Hmu theinaw um tanaw nih! Thup thei ni naw bawk a tih. Chu zet chun chu, Thingpuikuol (Manipur) a inthawk a sukin Hmarkhawlien chen, Kaniphai (Sinlung Hills, Mizoram) a inthawk Khawbawn phairuom hrȗtin Hmarkhawlien chen Hmarram ei ti nuom naw leh Vanramte tiin ei zalenna leh ro ei rȇl theina khawpui ni thei a tih. Assam, Manipur le Mizoram ramri kilkhawr ei lo ti hlak kha ram laili a an chang thei ding a nih. Economic thapui ṭhang lo chun ram le hnam hnuk cheibawl thei an nawh.
British Tipaimukh Bazaar
Kum 1824-26 hun sung khan Britishhai le Burmahai chu Anglo-Burmese War an lo indo a. Britishhai chun hnena changin 1826 kum khan Assam chu an thuhnuoia an sie a. Chu hnung chun Kumpinu (Crown) sumdawngna mansapui suklien dingin Cachar phaidungahai thingpui huon le tuilo nasatakin an hung siem ṭan a. Kum 1860 chawhnung tieng Pawi le Lusei pasalṭhahai chun Cachar phai chu nasa takin an lo rȗn hlak. ‘Looshai country’ (Mizoram) a inthawk rȗntuhai hin Cachar phai an hlutsakna bȇk bȇk san um ngei ding a ni a. Ring dan pakhat chu, Britishhai hung hma deia inthawk Cachar phaia hin ‘Looshai’ hai chu an ram tlatna le Sai an man/awkna hmunpui pakhat ve ni dinga ring a nih. British haiin thingpui huon le tuilo an hung siem meu chun an sa pelna le fâk le dawn an zawngna hmunpuihai chu an hung suk chereu pha leia an dodal ni dinga ring khawm a ni bawk. Ramri felfai taka rin khawvela chȇng an la ni naw karah British haiin an inlalna ram an hung hneng nasa taluo an phal naw le dodal inentirna ni dinga ring thei khawm a ni bawk.
Assam le Manipura British political agenthai lung an suksen thei hle a. Chuong lai chun tuta Mizoram ei ti saw British hai chun “Looshai country” tiin an lo ko hlak. Rȗn an ni ta rawp hlaka chu Pawi le Lusei hai mizie le chanchin chu Britishhai khan an hriet tlawm hle. “Looshai country” hlak an la sir le hmu lo ram a ni thung a. British India a chu ‘Looshai country’ hi Britishhai ram lak nuhnung tak ni ngei a tih.
Britishhai hung hma khan ‘Looshai’ hai le Cachar Vaihai chu an lo indawr ta hlak a. Chuong lai chun ‘Looshai country’ a chenghai chun Vaihai kuomah “Indian rubber”, Sai-ha (Elephant Tusk) le ram sa vun dang dang chu an zawr hlak ni a hriet a nih. Britishhai chun ‘Looshai country’ a inthawk Cachara sumdawng ding le khawrsaw la dinga hung hlak hai chu ngai ṭha rawngin an en liem thei nawa.
Sumdawng (trader) chauh niloin rȗntu (raider) niin an ngai. Assam a British haiin mȇl 126 zet a sei thingpui huon an nei le sinthawtu hai Looshai runtu (Looshai raiders) hai laka inthawk an him dan ding chu ngun takin an phan ta a. ‘Looshai country’ mi le sa hrim hrim Cachar phai an hung dawr le lȗt naw dan ding chu mingohai ngaituona lien tak a nih. Buoina siemtu ni’n an ngai rawp.
Kum 1871 bul tieng khan Looshaihai chun Alexandrapore thingpui huon an run a; Scottish thingpui huon neitu naunu Mary Winchester chu an ṭhuoi hmang bawk a. Khawhri ang hlawla chea ramngawpui thimtham hnuoia inrel hmang hlak Looshaihai chanchin chu nasa takin an sui a. Damdawi tienga hrietna nei Mathura Burman chu Britishhai chun thu lakna’n an hmanga. Mathura Burman chu lal (Chief) Sukpilal (Suakpuilal) a nu Pibuk Rani tia an hriet damnaw enkawlin ‘Looshai country’ a inthawk hung kir chauh a nih. Britishhai chun lal Sukpilal chu Mary Winchester him taka insuo nawkna dinga inbieknaa palaiin an hmang a nih.
British sawrkar palaihai chun Assam phaia an thingpui huon mel 126 zeta sei humhalna ding le huon a sinthawhai him taka sin an thaw thei dan ding chu an ngai pawimaw hle a. Tipaimukh (Ruong-le-Vaisuo) Bazaar siem chu an rawt ta a. Tuiruong le Tuivai suo a Tipaimukh Bazaar chu an lo indin a nih. Britishhai khan Cachar phaia Vai sumdawnghai chu dawr an inhawngtir a. Chuong lai chun ‘Looshai country’ a rubber a hnienghnar hle ni’n an hril. Vai sumdawng ruol chu an thuomhnaw an zawr el chauh ni loin ‘Looshai country’ a inthawk man tlawmte’n rubber an inchawk ve nawk thung. Looshaihai kha khawvel lien lemah rubber man a ṭhat zie hre pha lo an ni leiin an rubber ringawt khawmin Vai sumdawng tamtak an sukhausa pha dinga ring a nih. Pahnam indo le inrȗn bansanin an rubber zawrna ding dap dawk hman hai sien chu Looshai hai hmakhuo kha dang hle dinga ring a nih. Chuong khawp chun, rubber an lo hau a lo nih.
Mingo hai chun an ram thuneina puo tieng bazaar hawngin Vai sumdawnghai ‘Looshai country’ a rubber an lak theina ding lampui an riruong pek chu a thlawn tawp chu a ni der nawh. Vai sumdawnghai chun Looshai lal (Chief) hai kuomah sie (tax) an sung hlak a nih. Hi sie hi sie naran ni lo, Looshaihaiin Vai sumdawnghai an ramah an venghim man (protection fee/tax) a ni lem. Hieng ang bazaar hi Tipaimukh a chauh ni loin Sonai le Changsil a hai khawm siem a nih. Bazaar pathum a thawk de a chu Looshai lalhai khan an ram a nih ti an hriet leiin an thuneina le zalenna (sovereignty) ruok chu an veng ve kar zing. Sonai Bazaar iemani chen an hung siem hnung khan Chief Khalkam chun Britishhai kuomah bazaar hmun chu mel sawmhnih (20) a hlaa sawn dingin an hriettir. Amiruokchu, British hai khan bazaar ringawt kha an lo indin tum a ni naw si a; ram le thuneina sukzau zing an ni leiin an saipui lam lawn an sukchawl chuong nawh.
Britishhai Bazaar lo pawimaw zie kha an ril ka ti tawp thei nawh. Buoina siem hlak hai kha atungin an nawr kai dei a; Cachar phai a hung ralmuong pha ta a. A pahnihnaa, ‘Looshai country’ chanchin belchieng thei dingin Mingopa chun Vai sumdawnghai kut manin an kawtsuoa a va ngir thei ta a. Pathumnaa, ‘Looshai country’ ah pahnam indo a tawp thei naw karah; bu, machi, silai hlo le Looshai mamaw danghai lakna dingin Britishhai ke bulah an hung intuklȗt a ṭȗl ta a. An khawsak sukhadam ding chun Britishhai thuhnuoiah intuklȗt a hung ṭȗl ta a.
Tipaimukh Bazaar indin hi game (diplomacy) inril deu an zep a nih ti chu Looshaihai chun an lo sui kher nawh. Britishhai khan Tipaimukh bazaar kha zalȇn deua an hung siem el lem chu a ni nawh. Looshai lal phalna le venghimna an lâk el khȇlah Ruong-le-Vaisuo bielah thuneitu khawsak lal Poiboi chu Tipaimukh bazaara sie (tax) dâwl phalna an pȇk a lo nih. Sie latuhai chun Vai sumdawnghai; lal danghai nunrawngna karah humhim chu an mawphurna a nih. Tipaimukh Bazaar hi Sim (South) tienga Looshai lal Bhenkuia (Bengkhuaia) le Saboon (Savunga) hai khawmin an hung dâwr phâk ni a hril a nih. Looshai lal (chief) sie an pȇk hi an ril nawk sâwng a. Hun a hung sawt pei a; ram hmangpui karah hmu phak ni si lo, lal rorum tak tak le indo-mi ṭha tak tak neihai chu an ni sung an indo zing karah sie (tax) dâwl an hung inchu ṭan ta a. Hmu phakloa um hai chu an hung inlang ṭan taa. Tipaimukh bazaar chu Guite lal le Sukte (Chin) lal haiin sie an hung inchupui phâk a. Chuong ang bawk chun Sonai le Changsil bazaarhai khawm lal dang dang haiin thunei an hung inchu bawk a. Sie khawn an inchu el chauh ni loin a kâr chang chu Vai sumdawng hai dawr le thuomhnaw chen an rawk pȇk hlak.
June 1877 kum khan khawsak lal Lengkam le Chunglenahai chun Tipaimukh bazaar an rȗn a.
Poiboi chun Vai sumdawng hai venghimna a pek zo naw leiin Tipaimukh bazaar chu kum khat sung khar a lo nih. Sum hnar hlutzie hre ta chu, Poiboi chun Lengkam le Chunglena hai chu sie insempui ding le Vai sumdawng venghimna sin thaw tlangpui dingin a fiel ta a. Chu chauh chu ni loin sum hnar sukhring nawkna dingin Poiboi chun Lengkam le Chunglenahai chu an thawsuolna chungah Britishhai kuomah ngaidam inhni dingin an fui a. Lengkam le Chunglena hai chun an palai tirin Cachar Deputy Commissioner (DC) kutah chȇng sawmthum (Rs. 30) chawiin an inngaidam ta hrâm a. DC chun chȇng sawmthum chu Vai sumdawnghai zangnadawmna (compensation) dingin a pȇk sawng a nih. Hi inremna hin Tipaimukh bazaar chu a sukhring nâwk a lo nih. Amiruokchu sie dâwl dan mumal tak a um naw karah lal haiin thuneina an chalei nasa hlak leiin 1884 kum lem khan chu Tipaimukh bazaarah Vai dâwr pahnih chauh um a hriet (record) a nih.
Bazaar khan Britishhai lu a sukhai thar hle a. ‘Looshai country’ an belchieng tumnaa Vai sumdawng hai venghimna (security) chu a ngaivensa a ṭul ta a. January 1884 kum khan Poiboi le Lalbura hai ṭhang kawpin Sonai bazaar chu an rawk a. Machi (salt) le thuomhnaw dang dang cheng zathum le cheng kuo (Rs. 309) manhu an rawk a nih. Chuong ang bawk chun lal Sukpilal chun 1878 kum khan a ma humhal vek Changsil bazaar chu thuomhnaw le sumfai cheng sangthum man neka tam a rawk nawka. Bazaar a um hnungin Looshai lal hai chu Cachar-phai an hung run ta naw a chu bazaar pathuma Vai sumdawnghai chu an him hran nawh. British hai lung khawm ahim hran nawh.
Bazaar an hung siem a inthawk an hril ‘Looshai country’ le lalhai mizie chu nasa takin an hung hriet pha ta a. Britishhai Bazaar siemin ralmuongna an tlun a hriet a nih. Ralmuongna hmang remchangin Looshai hai khawm chu bazaar a ringawt an rubberhai zawr ta loin man ṭhat lemna hieng Silchar, Lakhimpur, Hailakandi le Sylhet (Bangladesh) hai an phak hla thei ta a. Bazaar puo tieng an ṭul le mamawhai a lo inman lem zie an hang hriet chieng pei chun bazaar hlutna a hung tla hnuoi sawt a. Changsil le Tipaimukh bazaara Looshaihaiin rubber maund a cheng sawmhnipasarih (Rs. 27) in an zawr thei lai Silcharah cheng sawmruk (Rs. 60) in an zawr thung. Bazaara Vai sumdawnghai chu an thil zawr a hlawk an intȇl nȇk hmanin rubber an zawr sawng naa hlawk an intȇl chu a tam lem ni a hriet a nih. 1876 kum khan khawvel pumpuia rubber man nasa takin a tla hnuoi leiin Tipaimukh bazaara Vai sumdawnghai ngir hmun chu nasa takin a sukderthawng a. Pahnam indo buoi karah Looshaihai chun an rubber chu ahrum ahrielin an lo lak hlak leiin rubber kung nasa takin an suk chereu a. Chubakah 1881-82 kum khan mautamin harsatna namen lo ‘Looshai country’ a chun an tlun belsa bawk. 1890 kum chun bazaar lai po po a lun tak Changsil bazaar chu suktawpin a um ta a. Tuidung bazaar a Vai sumdawnghai hlawk le hlawk naw chu Britishhai ngaiven tak niin an lang nawh. ‘Bazaar diplomacy’ a inthawk ‘Looshai country’ le Looshai lungril chu an hung hriet chieng ta hle a lo ni lem.
Kir nawk inla, 1871 kum bul tieng khan Looshaihai chun Cachara Alexandrapore thingpui huon an rȗn zo hnung sawtnawte a chun Britishhai chun kum 1871 chawhnung tieng a inthawk 1872 kum sung khan ‘Looshai country’ chu a rȗn ta a (Lushai Expedition -1871-72). Tuidunga sumdawng inlaichinna ringawtin muongna le himna an tlun thei naw chu an hriet chieng phing chun Britishhai chun an thapui insuoin 1890 kum khan ‘Looshai country’ chu run thar nawkin an thuhnuoia an sie ta khawng khawnga. Chu zet chun Tuidung bazaarahai British Frontier Police an hung innghat ta a. 1882 kum mautam harsat zuolkai lai tak khan British Frontier Police hai chu Tipaimukh bazaara go-down enkaiin thla ruk sung an lo um hman a nih.
Tipaimukh bazaar lo pawimaw zie kha hrilin a phâk nawh. History a Hmar hming hriet ding a um hma dei khan Tipaimukh bazaarah inthawk British (mi duam, hmasiel, tumru, le taima) hai khan sumdawngna sirsanin an ram le thuneina an lo inzau thei a lo nih. Hmu thei lo kut sukchangna ding hmun remchang khawm an lo hriet hle; an len sungah an mi khum rip a ni tak. Khang lai khawsak khan pahnam indo le mautam hripui hai a dier zo sawt naw ding karah tuidung bazaarhai kha ram le hnam hnukhruiin an chang ta hlauha. Ram le hnamin colonialism (ram dang thuneina le awpdena) bung le chang thar chu a lo chuongkaipui ve ta a nih. Tuidung bazaar sirsana British haiin ei ram an hung del a inthawk Zoram Khawvel chu ram letling le hun danglamah a hung chuongkai thei ve ta a.
Tuiruong Ngaituona
Vai sumdawnghai chun an ram tieng kir dingin an thuomhnaw hai an intȇl mȇk a. Ankhasuoa inthawk Ṭieulien panin launch a kan intawl tung det det chun ngaituo a suksei hle a. Vai mahajon ruolin ei ro – Aithing, Hmarcha, Thing le Ruohai an tawl thlak mup mup zing a. Tuilien inchanin thing le ruo an khit telhai damin lung a khei hrim. Kum za le ti liemta khan hilai kawng hi hrawin British hai khan lu lak hnam bubitna ram thimpui nȇr dingin an lo intawl a. Tuidung bazaar kha lo siem naw hai sien Chanchinṭha (Gospel) kawt khawm eini ta dingin hawngin a um khȇr dal thei a nih. British haiin kawng le lam remchanga an hriet chu eini ta ding lem chu ni ngei a tih ti chu hmai ruol an nawh. Chu zet chun tiin duthu ka sam a; hnienghnar deuin holiday kalchar dam hung nei ve ei ta; Zo boruok dawng ding ringawtin Vangai tlang, Hmarram tlang dung, Senvon Zopui tlang dung le Sinlung Hills tlang dung a hai chawl hmang dingin tlan kai ve thung ei ta. Amiruokchu, khawsak hlawkna ding hmunah ei cheng nawa; chawlhmun ding lemah ei cheng zing leiin ei thawsuok a tam thei nawa; remchangna le ei inhlat lem zing bawk a lo nih. Ei pupu lien hlak a chanchinṭha mansapui a hung lut zo pui si nawh.
Tuidung bazaar khan lu la hnam hai bubitna ramthimah capitalism an lo tuo ta a. Economic doctrine det indo deu a lȗt a, a châm a, a thawk zet hnungah India hung piengin socialism chanchinṭha a hung tlangzar pui nawk el kha ei ṭhangmawbawk a ni di’m ti dam ka ngaituo rawp hlak. Khawvel lien lem lam lawn ei en chun Christianity le Capitalismhai chu an intlawn fȗk hle a; ruolṭha khuolzin tluongin an tluong inṭhanga. Kan inzinna khawvel ka ngaituo chun; an hril Third World tukver a inthawk durbin (enhlatna) a en khawmin khuo a hnuoi tieng underdeveloped an ti khawm la paw hnai lo ram a leng niin kan hriet. A sakawr, mi tlanpuitu ding lem ni awm tak chu a letlingin a zawn in ei lo zawn lem zing a nih. A harsa a nih; ti naw ruol an nawh! Fulertal bazaarah “green bag sen” kan zawng sawl hnungah ka ruol haiin an hril bar chu mi lȗtpui rawh an ti a; Barak Bar ah kaikuongral (Kingfisher) dei riem el kan dawnhai dam kha Capitalism hlimthla chu a ni ngei. A hnai a chu, a la hla vang vang a nih ie! Kea inzin ve ni ngei a tih a.
Ṭobul, Volume II – Issue No. 02, Thlatun – Thlado 2024. An e-Journal of Hmar Literature Society Delhi.
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